Liquiritin Apioside (LA) Attenuates Apneic Responses to Stimulation of Laryngeal Chemoreceptors but not Mechanoreceptors in Rat Pups

Sex-Specific Consequences of Neonatal Stress on Cardio-Respiratory Inhibition Following Laryngeal Stimulation in Rat Pups

The presence of liquid near the larynx of immature mammals triggers prolonged apneas with significant O2 desaturations and bradycardias. When excessive, this reflex (the laryngeal chemoreflex; LCR) can be fatal. Our understanding of the origins of abnormal LCR are limited; however, perinatal stress and male sex are risk factors for cardio-respiratory failure in infants. Because exposure to stre...

Vagal mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in mouse stomach and esophagus.

We used a novel in vitro mouse vagus-gastro-esophageal preparation to study the properties of peripheral vagal afferent endings. We found two types of mechanoreceptive fiber, mucosal receptors and tension receptors. These were distinguished by their sensitivity to mucosal stroking with von Frey hairs and circular tension applied via a claw-cantilever system. A comparison was made with gastro-es...

Prenatal nicotine exposure up-regulates catecholaminergic traits in peripheral arterial chemoreceptors of newborn rat pups

Blockade of Opioid Receptors Located in the Rat Nucleus Cuneiformis Reduced the Antinociceptive Responses of Local But not Systemic Administration of Morphine in Formalin Test

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown the role of opioid receptors located in the nucleus cuneiformis (CnF) in acute pain, but not in chronic pain models. In the present study, we have determined that possible effects of these receptors at the CnF on both early and late phases of formalin test following local and systemic morphine administration. Each rat was given a subcutaneous 50-μl injection ...

Modulation of laryngeal responses to superior laryngeal nerve stimulation by volitional swallowing in awake humans.

Laryngeal sensori-motor closure reflexes are important for the protection of the airway and prevent the entry of foreign substances into the trachea and lungs. The purpose of this study was to determine how such reflexes might be modulated during volitional swallowing in awake humans, when persons are at risk of entry of food or liquids into the airway. The frequency and the amplitude of laryng...